A Technology Proposal for a Management Information System for the Director’s Office, NAL.

This technology proposal attempts in giving a viable solution for a Management Information System (MIS) for the Director's Office. In today's IT scenario, an Organization's success greatly depends on its ability to get accurate and timely data on its operations of varied nature and to manage this data effectively to guide its activities and meet its goals. To cater to the information needs of an Organization or an Office like the Director's Office, information systems are developed and deployed to gather and process data in ways that produce a variety of information to the end-user. MIS can therefore can be defined as an integrated user-machine system for providing information to support operations, management and decision-making functions in an Organization. The system in a nutshell, utilizes computer hardware and software, manual procedures, models for analysis planning, control and decision-making and a database. Using state-of-the-art front-end and back-end web based tools, this technology proposal attempts to provide a single-point Information Management, Information Storage, Information Querying and Information Retrieval interface to the Director and his office for handling all information traffic flow in and out of the Director's Office

EMEEDP: Enhanced Multi-hop Energy Efficient Distributed Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network

In WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) every sensor node sensed the data and transmit it to the CH (Cluster head) or BS (Base Station). Sensors are randomly deployed in unreachable areas, where battery replacement or battery charge is not possible. For this reason, Energy conservation is the important design goal while developing a routing and distributed protocol to increase the lifetime of WSN. In this paper, an enhanced energy efficient distributed protocol for heterogeneous WSN have been reported. EMEEDP is proposed for heterogeneous WSN to increase the lifetime of the network. An efficient algorithm is proposed in the form of flowchart and based on various clustering equation proved that the proposed work accomplishes longer lifetime with improved QOS parameters parallel to MEEP. A WSN implemented and tested using Raspberry Pi devices as a base station, temperature sensors as a node and xively.com as a cloud. Users use data for decision purpose or business purposes from xively.com using internet.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1409.1412 by other author

Surface modification by Electro-Discharge Coating (EDC) with Tic-Cu P/M electrode tool

It is well known that Electro discharge machining (EDM) is a prominent non-conventional machining process for machining hard material. A very common perspective of EDM is surface modification which is done by the use of powder metallurgy green compact and sintered electrode as tool material which makes a hard and wear resistant layer on the workpiece during electrical discharge. The process is done with the reversal of polarity and is known as electro-discharge coating (EDC). Here we have used Titanium Carbide (TiC) and Copper (Cu) as coating material. Effect of various process parameters in EDM and powder metallurgy compaction process such as current, compaction pressure, composition of powder mixture on material transfer rate and tool wear rate have been investigated. The hardness of the coating was analyzed by Vickers Micro hardness Tester. Surface roughness values of the coatings were measured and also the analysis of compounds present in the coating was done by XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) technique

Electron transport in carbon nanotube-metal systems: contact effects

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have a very large application potential in the rapid developing field of molecular electronics. Infinite single-wall metallic CNTs have theoretically a conductance of 4e2/h because of the two electronic bands crossing the Fermi level. For finite size CNTs experiments have shown that other values are also possible, indicating a very strong influence of the contacts. We study electron transport in single- and double-wall CNTs contacted to metallic electrodes within the Landauer formalism combined with Green function techniques. We show that the symmetry of the contact region may lead to blocking of a transport channel. In the case of double-wall CNTs with both inner and outer shells being metallic, non-diagonal self energy contributions from the electrodes may induce channel mixing, precluding a simple addition of the individual shell conductances

Mechanism of magnetostructural transformation in multifunctional Mn3_3GaC

Mn$_3$GaC undergoes a ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic, volume discontinuous cubic-cubic phase transition as a function of temperature, pressure and magnetic field. Through a series of temperature dependent x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy experiments at the Mn K and Ga K edge, it is shown that the first order magnetic transformation in Mn$_3$GaC is entirely due to distortions in Mn sub-lattice and with a very little role for Mn-C interactions. The distortion in Mn sub-lattice results in long and short Mn-Mn bonds with the longer Mn-Mn bonds favoring ferromagnetic interactions and the shorter Mn-Mn bonds favoring antiferromagnetic interactions. At the first order transition, the shorter Mn-Mn bonds exhibit an abrupt decrease in their length resulting in an antiferromagnetic ground state and a strained lattice.Comment: Accepted in J. Appl. Phys. Please contact authors for supplementary informatio

Nitrogen Oxide Concentrations in Natural Waters on Early Earth

A key challenge in origins-of-life studies is estimating the abundances of species relevant to the chemical pathways proposed to have contributed to the emergence of life on early Earth. Dissolved nitrogen oxide anions (NO$_{X}^{-}$), in particular nitrate (NO$_{3}^{-}$) and nitrite (NO$_{2}^{-}$), have been invoked in diverse origins-of-life chemistry, from the oligomerization of RNA to the emergence of protometabolism. Recent work has calculated the supply of NO$_{X}^{-}$ from the prebiotic atmosphere to the ocean, and reported steady-state [NO$_{X}^{-}$] to be high across all plausible parameter space. These findings rest on the assumption that NO$_{X}^{-}$ is stable in natural waters unless processed at a hydrothermal vent. Here, we show that NO$_{X}^{-}$ is unstable in the reducing environment of early Earth. Sinks due to UV photolysis and reactions with reduced iron (Fe$^{2+}$) suppress [NO$_{X}^{-}$] by several orders of magnitude relative to past predictions. For pH$=6.5-8$ and $T=0-50^\circ$C, we find that it is most probable that NO$_{X}^{-}$]$<1~\mu$M in the prebiotic ocean. On the other hand, prebiotic ponds with favorable drainage characteristics may have sustained [NO$_{X}^{-}$]$\geq 1~\mu$M. As on modern Earth, most NO$_{X}^{-}$ on prebiotic Earth should have been present as NO$_{3}^{-}$, due to its much greater stability. These findings inform the kind of prebiotic chemistries that would have been possible on early Earth. We discuss the implications for proposed prebiotic chemistries, and highlight the need for further studies of NO$_{X}^{-}$ kinetics to reduce the considerable uncertainties in predicting [NO$_{X}^{-}$] on early Earth.Comment: In review for publication at Geochemistry, Geophysics, and Geosystems (G-cubed). Comments, questions, and criticism solicited; please contact corresponding author at [email protected]. SI at: https://web-cert.mit.edu/sukrit/Public/nox_si.pdf. GitHub at: https://github.com/sukritranjan/no

Statistical Origin of Gravity

Starting from the definition of entropy used in statistical mechanics we show that it is proportional to the gravity action. For a stationary black hole this entropy is expressed as $S = E/ 2T$, where $T$ is the Hawking temperature and $E$ is shown to be the Komar energy. This relation is also compatible with the generalised Smarr formula for mass.Comment: LaTex, 7 pages, no figure, minor clarifications, references added, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Connecting anomaly and tunneling methods for Hawking effect through chirality

The role of chirality is discussed in unifying the anomaly and the tunneling formalisms for deriving the Hawking effect. Using the chirality condition and starting from the familiar form of the trace anomaly, the chiral (gravitational) anomaly, manifested as a nonconservation of the stress tensor, near the horizon of a black hole, is derived. Solution of this equation yields the stress tensor whose asymptotic infinity limit gives the Hawking flux. Finally, use of the same chirality condition in the tunneling formalism gives the Hawking temperature that is compatible with the flux obtained by anomaly method.Comment: LaTex, 8 pages, no figures, reformulation of tunneling mechanism, to appear in Phys. Rev.